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Medical symptoms and causes for heart murmur
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Symptom: TACHYCARDIACause: Aortic insufficiency
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Description:
Accompanying tachycardia with aortic insufficiency are a water-hammer bounding pulse and a large, diffuse apical heave. With severe insufficiency, widened pulse pressure occurs. Auscultation reveals a hallmark diastolic murmur that starts with the second heart sound; is decrescendo, high-pitched, and blowing; and is heard best at the left sternal border of the second and third intercostal spaces. An atrial or ventricular gallop, an early systolic murmur, an Austin Flint murmur (apical diastolic rumble), or Duroziez-s sign (a murmur over the femoral artery during systole and diastole) may also be heard. Other findings include angina, dyspnea, palpitations, strong and abrupt carotid pulsations, pallor, and signs of heart failure, such as crackles and jugular vein distention



Symptom: PULSE, BOUNDINGCause: Aortic insufficiency
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Description:
Sometimes called a water-hammer pulse, the bounding pulse associated with aortic insufficiency is characterized by rapid, forceful expansion of the arterial pulse followed by rapid contraction. Widened pulse pressure also occurs. This disorder may produce findings associated with left-sided heart failure and cardiovascular collapse, such as weakness, severe dyspnea, hypotension, an S3, and tachycardia. Additional findings include pallor, chest pain, palpitations, or strong, abrupt carotid pulsations. The patient may also experience pulsus bisferiens, an early systolic murmur, a murmur heard over the femoral artery during systole and diastole, and a high-pitched diastolic murmur that starts with the second heart sound. An apical diastolic rumble (Austin Flint murmur) may also occur, especially with heart failure. Most patients with chronic aortic insufficiency remain asymptomatic until their 40s or 50s, when exertional dyspnea, increased fatigue, orthopnea and, eventually, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, angina, and syncope may develop


Symptom: FATIGUECause: Valvular heart disease
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Description:
All types of valvular heart disease commonly produce progressive fatigue and a cardiac murmur. Additional signs and symptoms vary, but generally include exertional dyspnea, a cough, and hemoptysis


Symptom: PULSE PRESSURE, WIDENEDCause: Aortic insufficiency
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Description:
With acute aortic insufficiency, pulse pressure widens progressively as the valve deteriorates, and a bounding pulse and an atrial or a ventricular gallop develop. These signs may be accompanied by chest pain; palpitations; pallor; strong, abrupt carotid pulsations; pulsus bisferiens; and signs of heart failure, such as crackles, dyspnea, and jugular vein distention. Auscultation may reveal several murmurs, such as an early diastolic murmur (common) and an apical diastolic rumble (Austin Flint murmur)


Symptom: MURMURSCause: Cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic)
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Description:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy generates a harsh late systolic murmur, ending at S2. Best heard over the left sternal border and at the apex, the murmur is commonly accompanied by an audible S3 or S4. The murmur decreases with squatting and increases with sitting down. Major associated symptoms are dyspnea and chest pain; palpitations, dizziness, and syncope may also occur



Symptom: MURMURSCause: Rheumatic fever with pericarditis
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Description:
A pericardial friction rub along with murmurs and gallops are heard best with the patient leaning forward on his hands and knees during forced expiration. The most common murmurs heard are the systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation, a midsystolic murmur due to swelling of the mitral valve leaflet, and the diastolic murmur of aortic regurgitation. Other signs and symptoms include a fever, joint and sternal pain, edema, and tachypnea


Symptom: MURMURSCause: Mitral stenosis
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Description:
With mitral stenosis, the murmur is soft, low-pitched, rumbling, crescendo-decrescendo, and diastolic, accompanied by a loud S1 or an opening snap?a cardinal sign. It-s best heard at the apex with the patient in the left lateral position. Mild exercise helps make this murmur audible


Symptom: MURMURSCause: Myxomas
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Description:
A left atrial myxoma (most common) usually produces a mid- diastolic murmur and a holosystolic murmur that-s loudest at the apex, with an S4, an early diastolic thudding sound (tumor plop), and a loud, widely split S1.Related features include dyspnea, orthopnea, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, and syncope



Symptom: NAUSEACause: Heart failure
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Description:
heart failure may produce nausea and vomiting, particularly with right-sided heart failure. Associated findings include tachycardia, a ventricular gallop, profound fatigue, dyspnea, crackles, peripheral edema, jugular vein distention, ascites, nocturia, and diastolic hypertension


Symptom: MURMURSCause: Aortic stenosis
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Description:
With aortic stenosis, the murmur is systolic, beginning after S1 and ending at or before aortic valve closure. It-s harsh and grating, medium-pitched, and crescendo-decrescendo. Loudest over the second right intercostal space when the patient is sitting and leaning forward, this murmur may also be heard at the apex, at the suprasternal notch (Erb-s point), and over the carotid arteries
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